Sulphuric acid is a dense oily liquid clear to dark brown in colour. The manufacture of sulphuric acid contact process nature. Must be impermeable and resistant to sulfuric acid of 93% concentration for 480 minutes per the astm f 903. Pdf design of a plant to manufacture sulfuric acid from. The sulphuric acid production plant the reference installation is located at a lo cal industrial. Other consumers of sulphur and sulphuric acid include manufacturers of pulp and paper, iron and steel.
The synthetic pathway leads to the production of sulfuric acid without producing so2 and is also environmentally advantageous as its starting. Take collected spill to manufacturer competent authority. Learn the basics about manufacturing sulphuric acid as part of the equilibrium topic within reactions. Best available techniques reference document on the production.
It is soluble in water and generally releases heat on contact. This report contains a detailed design proc edure of a plant to manufacture sulfuric acid from. It is composed of a number of chemical reactions, or steps, each occurring under different conditions and in different industrial chambers. Gebers method and greener synthesis of sulfuric acid. Smaller amounts are used in the production of ammonium and potassium sulphate. A process is provided for manufacturing sulfuric acid from a gas containing sulfur dioxide and steam. This page describes the contact process for the manufacture of sulphuric acid, and then goes on to explain the reasons for the conditions used in the process. In industry, sulphuric acid is manufactured by contact process. Finally, there are the processes that obtain a determined.
Manufacture of sulphuric acid by contact process youtube. The manufacture of sulphuric acid internet archive. The contact process for the manufacture of sulphuric acid. Sulphur, air or oxygen and water are the raw materials for the manufacture of sulphuric acid. May 22, 2015 sulphuric acid page 1 of 6 sulphuric acid safety data sheet section 1. Download free handbook of sulfuric acid manufacturing by. For example, sulfuric acid is used to treat phosphate rock, an insoluble material containing.
The major use of sulfuric acid in australia is in the manufacture of fertilizers such as ammonium sulfate and superphosphate. Manual for sulfuric acid contact process louisiana state university. Petersen sulphuric acid manufacture efficiency first technology at its best page 6 of 19 the inhouse developed concept of enerrec together with our methodology tool, thrctotal heat recovery, are the best examples for hugo petersens aim in making sulphuric acid. The starting material for sulfuric acid manufacture is clean, dry sulfur dioxide so2 gas. The sulfur dioxide and steam containing gas is subjected to a catalytic oxidation to convert the sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide so as to produce a gas having a sulfur trioxide to steam mole ratio of at least. Sulfur dioxide and oxygen, passed over a hot catalyst, unite to form sulfur trioxide, which in turn combines with water to make sulfuric acid. The vapor pressure of sulfuric acid over oleum containing 10% to 30% of free so 3 by weight is shown in table 2a of appendix 1 2. Sulfuric acid alternative spelling sulphuric acid, also known as oil of vitriol, is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur, oxygen and hydrogen, with molecular formula h 2 so 4. Bioatlantis omri petition sulfuric acid utilization in the preparation of micronutrient chelates item a.
Pdf the plant designed was primarily based on the sulfur based effluents that. Sulfuric acid is also obtained from ammonium sulfate, a byproduct in the manufacture of poly methyl 2methylpropenoate and also recovered from spent i. Sulfuric acid h 2 so 4 is a strong, heavy acid with a density of 1. By far the largest amount of sulfuric acid is used to make phosphoric acid, used, in turn, to make the phosphate fertilizers, calcium dihydrogenphosphate and the ammonium phosphates. The wet sulfuric acid process wsa process is one of the key gas desulfurization processes on the market today. Pdf design of a plant to manufacture sulfuric acid from sulfur.
Sulphuric acid is the most commonly used chemical for reducing ph in water treatment, although carbon dioxide is also sometimes used under certain circumstances, particularly in conjunction with lime to increase alkalinity. The manufacture of sulphuric acid through the contact process, vulcanising rubber, used to make drugs, pesticides, matches and paper, and some is added to cement to make sulphur concrete, which cannot be attacked by acid in walls and floors in factories. Sulfuric acid with 51% acid office of risk management. Figure 3 vapour pressure above sulfuric acid as well as being used in the manufacture of superphosphate, sulfuric acid is transported by road tanker to ichem ltd, morrinsville, where it is used in the manufacture of aluminium salts see article. Proper shipping name sulphuric acid product use the manufacture of super phosphate fertiliser, inorganic and petrochemicals, explosives and pigments. Figure 11 the file menu of the advanced process analysis desk. Acid regeneration plants include plants that decompose spent sulphuric acid into so 2 and h 2o to be regenerated in to fresh acid and plants that take waste sulphur gases h 2s, cs 2 to produce acid. There are three basic types of sulphuric acid plants. Sulfuric acid bulk handling policy freeportmcmoran. Well, sulphuric acid is basically an oxidizing agent, a strong mineral acid, and a dehydrating agent. A mixture of h 2 so 4 and free so 3 is equivalent to a sulfuric acid concentration of over 100 %. Oil of vitriol, electrolyte acid, battery acid, matting acid, h 2so 4. The product of sulphuric acid manufacture is liquid acid, 93 to 98% h2so4, 2 to 7% h2o. The contact process is the current method of producing sulfuric acid in the high concentrations needed for industrial processes.
Food and drug administration fda as generally recognized as 141 safe gras when used in food according to fdas good manufacturing practices. Preparation of sulphuric acid by contact process with examples. Sulfuric acid is a sulfur oxoacid that consits of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom. Sulphuric acid, also known as vitriol is composed of elemental sulphur, hydrogen and oxygen. Production of sulphur dioxide sulphur sulphur dioxide stage ii.
It mixes with water in all proportions and is corrosive and non. Since the danish catalyst company haldor topsoe introduced and patented this technology in the late 1980s, it has been recognised as an efficient process for recovering sulfur from various process gasses in the form of commercial quality sulfuric acid h 2 so 4, with. Sulfuric acid sulfuric acid h2so4 is a strong, heavy acid with a density of 1. Concentrated sulfuric acid 9398 % is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, explosives, dyes, and petroleum products. Sulphuric acid 98% statement of hazardous nature considered a hazardous substance according to the criteria of the new zealand hazardous substances new organisms legislation. If sulfur is the feedstock, it must first be converted to sulfur dioxide. The secondlargest consuming sector is the chemical industry, where sulphur is used as sulphuric acid in products ranging from pharmaceuticals to synthetic fibres. The contact process is the chemical process used to make sulfuric acid. Thermal process phosphoric acid manufacture, as shown schematically in figure 8. It is also used to make ammonium sulfate, which is a particularly important fertilizer in sulfurdeficient. Handbook of sulphuric acid manufacturing, 2 nd edition.
Sulfuric acid is the largestvolume industrial chemical produced in the world 200 million tons per year. Introduction and methodology an advanced process analysis system is a powerful tool for use by process and plant engineers to perform comprehensive and indepth evaluations of economic, environmental. Sulphuricacid is used with phosphate rock in the manufacture of phosphate fertilisers. The sulfuric acid formed in the heat exchanger is discharged. Platinum used to be the catalyst for this reaction. Sulphuric acid is used in the manufacture of chemicals, detergents, dyes, explosives and fertilisers. Sulfuric acid is formed during the contact process. Sulphuric acid is an important basic inorganic chemical, due to its various indus.
Following this step, the sulfur dioxide is converted to sulfur trioxide, using a catalyst. We will first start by addressing the question of what is sulphuric acid. Sulfuric acid is also sold commercially at either 98% concentration or diluted by ichem ltd to 74%. Sulfur, as followed by group 01 as per the allocations. Design of a plant to manufacture sulfuric acid from sulfur. Sulphuric acid is used with phosphate rock in the manufacture of phosphate fertilisers. Download free handbook of sulfuric acid manufacturing by douglas k louie rar 3db19cccfd. Publication date 1924 topics technology, engineering. Substantial quantities are used as an acidic dehydrating agent in organic chemical and petro chemical processes, as well as in oil re. Substances chemical name sulfuric acid already considered in j as plant or soil. Sulphuric acid manufacturing process the engineering. Contact process, modern industrial method of producing sulfuric acid.
The largest single sulphuric acid consumer by far is the fertiliser industry. Conversion of sulfur trioxide formed into concentrated h2so4. Trail operations trail, british columbia v1r 4l8 emergency telephone. The contact process forms sulfur trioxide so 3 gas from sulfur dioxide so 2 and oxygen in a catalyst tower, and sulfuric acid is formed when water is added. Combustion of sulfur into sulfur dioxide conversion of sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide. It looks at the effect of proportions, temperature, pressure and catalyst on the composition of the equilibrium mixture, the rate of the reaction and the economics of the process. The gas is not dissolved in water as this would merely produce a sulphuric acid mist due to the heat of the reaction the word equation for mixing sulphur trioxide and concerntrated sulphuric acid is. Soluble in water and is highly exothermic in nature. Technical evaluation report sulfuric acid handling. Proper shipping name sulfuric acid with more than 51% acid. Manufacturing process sulphuric acid manufacturing consists of.
Sulfuric acid, acs safety data sheet according to federal register vol. Sulfuric acid manufacturing process of sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid alternative spelling sulphuric acid, also known as oil of vitriol, is a mineral acid. There are three types of sulphuric acid process, according to the condition of the calci um sulphate produced, since it can be obtained in the form of anhydrite, hemihydrate or dihydrate. Chemical resistant boots all personal protective equipment must be cleaned and stored per manufacturer recommendations. The manufacture of sulfuric acid and superphosphate. It is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that is soluble in water and is synthesized in reactions that are highly exothermic.